A kidney stone is a hard, crystalline mineral deposit that forms within the kidneys. It is a common condition that affects the urinary system. Kidney stones are typically composed of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, or a combination of these substances. They vary in size, ranging from tiny grains to larger stones that can be several centimeters in diameter.

Kidney stones can cause severe pain as they move through the urinary tract, from the kidneys to the bladder and eventually out of the body through urine. The pain is often described as sharp and intense, radiating from the back or side to the lower abdomen and groin. Other symptoms may include blood in the urine, frequent urination, a persistent urge to urinate, and cloudy or foul-smelling urine.

• TURP: – Removal of prostatic tissue to relieve the obstruction in flow of urine.
• Urethral Stricture disease (Narrowing of Urethra)